Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is the world's largest island that is not a continent, with approximately 80% of its landmass covered by the Greenland Ice Sheet. This ice sheet is the second largest in the world, after Antarctica, and reaches thicknesses of over 3 kilometers in some areas. The ice-free land is primarily found along the coastal fringes, particularly in the southwest, where the majority of the population resides. Geographically, Greenland is part of the North American continent, sitting on the North American tectonic plate, but politically and culturally it has been closely associated with Europe for over a millennium.

The political status of Greenland is defined by the Self-Government Act of 2009, which expanded the autonomy granted under the Home Rule Act of 1979. While remains part of the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland has its own judicial system, police force, and control over its natural resources. The Danish monarch is the head of state, represented by a High Commissioner, while the head of government is the Prime Minister (Naalakkersuisut Siulittaasuat), who leads the cabinet. The Parliament of Greenland (Inatsisartut) is a unicameral legislature consisting of 31 members elected by proportional representation for four-year terms. Denmark retains responsibility for foreign affairs, defense, and monetary policy, though Greenland is increasingly consulted on international matters that affect the Arctic region.

The administrative division of Greenland consists of five municipalities: Avannaata, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, Sermersooq, and Kujalleq. This structure was implemented in 2009 and further refined in 2018 to streamline local governance and service delivery across the vast and sparsely populated territory. In addition to these municipalities, there are two unincorporated areas: the Northeast Greenland National Park, which is the largest national park in the world, and the Thule Air Base (Pituffik Space Base), which is under the jurisdiction of the United States Space Force. Nuuk, located in the Sermersooq municipality, is the capital and largest city, serving as the center for the nation's political, economic, and educational institutions.